{"id":1329,"date":"2021-10-18T14:52:58","date_gmt":"2021-10-18T14:52:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.psihoterapie-tiberiubotea.ro\/?p=1329"},"modified":"2021-10-20T14:40:07","modified_gmt":"2021-10-20T14:40:07","slug":"agorafobia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.psihoterapie-tiberiubotea.ro\/agorafobia\/","title":{"rendered":"Agorafobia sau teama de spatii deschise"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t\t
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<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t
\n\t\t\tDr. Adriana-Valentina \u0218eic\u0103reanu \u2013 specializarea psihiatrie la SCJU Constan\u021ba Absolvent\u0103 a Universit\u0103\u021bii Transilvania din Bra\u0219ov \u2013 Facultatea de Medicin\u0103 \u2013 2020\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div> \n

Defini\u021bia agorafobiei<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>Agorafobia ( <\/span>din greac\u0103 agora=pia\u021b\u0103, phobia=fric\u0103<\/span><\/i>) este o tulburare mental\u0103 \u0219i de comportament, mai exact o tulburare anxioas\u0103 \u0219i const\u0103 \u00een frica de a fi \u00een situa\u021bii sau locuri din care evadarea ar putea fi dificil\u0103 sau imposibil\u0103. Teama se declan\u0219eaz\u0103 \u00een situa\u021bii reale sau anticipate, cum ar fi utilizarea mijloacelor de transport \u00een comun, spa\u021biile deschise sau \u00eenchise, statul la coad\u0103 sau mul\u021bimile.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Cauzele agorafobiei<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Cauzele pentru aceast\u0103 afec\u021biune nu sunt pe deplin cunoscute, dar se consider\u0103 c\u0103 anumi\u021bi factori cresc riscul de a dezvolta agorafobie. Ace\u0219tia includ:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u00a0 <\/span> Alte tulbur\u0103ri mentale: depresie, tulburare obsesiv-compulsiv\u0103, alte fobii \u0219i tulbur\u0103ri anxioase<\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u00a0 <\/span> Istoric de abuz psihic sau sexual<\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u00a0 <\/span> Consum abuziv de substan\u021be<\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u00a0 <\/span> Evenimente negative \u00een copil\u0103rie (divor\u021b, deces al p\u0103rin\u021bilor, afec\u021biune redus\u0103 sau protec\u021bie excesiv\u0103 din partea p\u0103rin\u021bilor)<\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u00a0 <\/span> Factori genetici \u2013 caracterul ereditar al agorafobiei este de 61%, dintre toate fobiile, aceasta prezint\u0103 asocierea cea mai puternic\u0103 \u0219i specific\u0103 cu factorii genetici care determin\u0103 predispozi\u021bia c\u0103tre fobii.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Agorafobia este mai frecvent\u0103 la femei dec\u00e2t la b\u0103rba\u021bi. \u00cen dou\u0103 treimi din cazurile de agorafobie, debutul ini\u021bial este \u00eenaintea v\u00e2rstei de 35 de ani, inciden\u021ba riscului este semnificativ mai ridicat\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul adolescen\u021bei \u0219i perioada de adult t\u00e2n\u0103r, dar exist\u0103 dovezi ale unei a doua faze cu inciden\u021b\u0103 ridicat\u0103 a riscului, dup\u0103 v\u00e2rsta de 40 de ani. Debutul \u00een copil\u0103rie este rar. V\u00e2rsta medie la debutul agorafobiei este de 18 ani, dar v\u00e2rsta la debut, la indivizii care nu au prezentat anterior atacuri de panic\u0103 sau tulburare de panic\u0103 este de 25-29 de ani.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Simptome agorafobie<\/b><\/h2>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b> 3.1 Simptome fizice<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0<\/span> Simptomele fizice ale agorafobiei apar, de obicei, doar atunci c\u00e2nd persoana se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-o situa\u021bie care \u00eei provoac\u0103 anxietate. Cu toate acestea, mul\u021bi oameni cu agorafobie prezint\u0103 rareori simptome fizice, deoarece evit\u0103 \u00een mod deliberat situa\u021biile care \u00eei fac s\u0103 fie anxio\u0219i. Simptomele pot fi similare cu cele ale unui atac de panic\u0103 \u0219i pot include:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00fc<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>B\u0103t\u0103i rapide ale inimii<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00fc<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>Respira\u021bie rapid\u0103 (hiperventila\u021bie)<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00fc<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>Senza\u021bie de c\u0103ldur\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00fc<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>Transpira\u021bii<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00fc<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>Dureri \u00een piept<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00fc<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>Stare de r\u0103u<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00fc<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>Dificultate la \u00eenghi\u021bire\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00fc<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>Diaree<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00fc<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>Ame\u021beli<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00fc<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>Tremur\u0103turi<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00fc<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>Furnic\u0103turi<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00fc<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>Sunete \u00een urechi (tinitus)<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00fc<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>Senza\u021bie de le\u0219in<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/i><\/b> 3.2 Simptome psihologice<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>Simptomele psihologice ale agorafobiei sunt sentimente sau g\u00e2nduri care pot exista, dar nu sunt \u00eentotdeauna legate de simptomele fizice.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Aceste simptome pot include teama c\u0103:<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u00a0 <\/span> un atac de panic\u0103 \u00eel va st\u00e2njeni \u00een fa\u021ba altor persoane<\/span><\/li>\n
      • \u00a0 <\/span> un atac de panic\u0103 \u00eei va pune via\u021ba \u00een pericol<\/span><\/li>\n
      • \u00a0 <\/span> un atac de panic\u0103 \u00eel va \u00eempiedica s\u0103 plece dintr-un loc sau situa\u021bie<\/span><\/li>\n
      • \u00a0 <\/span> un atac de panic\u0103 \u00eel va face s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i piard\u0103 min\u021bile<\/span><\/li>\n
      • \u00a0 <\/span> ar putea pierde controlul \u00een public<\/span><\/li>\n
      • \u00a0 <\/span> ar putea tremura sau ro\u0219i \u00een fa\u021ba altor oameni<\/span><\/li>\n
      • \u00a0 <\/span> ar putea fi privi\u021bi de al\u021bi oameni<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Exist\u0103, de asemenea, simptome psihologice care nu sunt legate de atacurile de panic\u0103, cum ar fi:<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u00a0 <\/span> sentimentul c\u0103 nu poate func\u021biona sau supravie\u021bui f\u0103r\u0103 ajutorul altora<\/span><\/li>\n
        • \u00a0 <\/span> teama de a fi l\u0103sat singur \u00een casa<\/span><\/li>\n
        • \u00a0 <\/span> un sentiment general de anxietate sau fric\u0103<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b> 3.3 Simptome comportamentale<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>Simptomele agorafobiei legate de comportament includ:<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u00a0 <\/span> evitarea situa\u021biilor care ar putea duce la atacuri de panic\u0103, cum ar fi locuri aglomerate, mijloace de transport \u00een comun \u0219i statul la cozi<\/span><\/li>\n
          • \u00a0 <\/span> statul \u00een cas\u0103 \u2013 persoana respectiv\u0103 nu poate s\u0103-\u0219i p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 locuin\u021ba pentru perioade lungi de timp<\/span><\/li>\n
          • \u00a0 <\/span> dorin\u021ba de a fi \u00eenso\u021bit de o persoan\u0103 de \u00eencredere atunci c\u00e2nd merge undeva<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Unii oameni sunt capabili s\u0103 se confrunte cu situa\u021bii incomode, dar simt fric\u0103 \u0219i anxietate considerabile \u00een timp ce fac acest lucru.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

            Efectele netrat\u0103rii agorafobiei<\/b><\/h2>\n

            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>Netratat\u0103, agorafobia poate reduce grav calitatea vie\u021bii unei persoane. De exemplu:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
            • Activit\u0103\u021bile \u00een afara casei, cum ar fi munca, \u0219coala, socializarea, hobby-urile \u0219i exerci\u021biile fizice nu sunt la \u00eendem\u00e2n\u0103.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
            • Dificult\u0103\u021bile financiare, izolarea, singur\u0103tatea \u0219i plictiseala pot duce la sentimente mai profunde de suferin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i la cre\u0219terea riscului de depresie.<\/span><\/li>\n
            • Persoana poate recunoa\u0219te c\u0103 frica este ira\u021bional\u0103, dar se simte neputincioas\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba acestor situa\u021bii fapt ce o face s\u0103 se simt\u0103 furioas\u0103 \u0219i frustrat\u0103<\/span><\/li>\n
            • Sentimentele negative afecteaz\u0103 stima de sine \u0219i contribuie la depresie \u0219i alte tulbur\u0103ri anxioase<\/span><\/li>\n
            • Metode inadecvate de adaptare la acest stil de via\u021b\u0103 ( m\u00e2ncare nes\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103, droguri, alcool) care pot provoca probleme suplimentare de s\u0103n\u0103tate<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              F\u0103 testul pentru agorafobie<\/b><\/h2>\n

              PAS (Scala de panic\u0103 \u0219i agorafobie) este o metod\u0103 de m\u0103surare a severit\u0103\u021bii bolii la pacien\u021bii cu tulburare de panic\u0103 (cu sau f\u0103r\u0103 agorafobie). Este disponibil at\u00e2t \u00een \u200b\u200bformat cotat de clinicieni, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een format de autoevaluare. Con\u021bine 5 sub-scale: atacuri de panic\u0103, evitare agorafob\u0103, anxietate anticipativ\u0103, dizabilitate \u0219i evitare func\u021bional\u0103 (probleme de s\u0103n\u0103tate).<\/span><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. C\u00e2t de des a\u021bi avut atacuri de panic\u0103?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>f\u0103r\u0103 atacuri de panic\u0103 \u00een ultima s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>1 atac de panic\u0103 \u00een ultima s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>2-3 atacuri de panic\u0103 \u00een ultima s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>4-6 atacuri de panic\u0103 \u00een ultima s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>peste 6 atacuri de panic\u0103 \u00een ultima s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. C\u00e2t de severe au fost atacurile de panic\u0103 din ultima s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>f\u0103r\u0103 atacuri de panic\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                  o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>atacurile au fost de obicei u\u0219oare<\/span><\/p>\n

                  o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>atacurile au fost de obicei moderate<\/span><\/p>\n

                  o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>atacurile au fost de obicei severe<\/span><\/p>\n

                  o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>atacurile erau de obicei extrem de severe<\/span><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. C\u00e2t au durat atacurile de panic\u0103 ?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>f\u0103r\u0103 atacuri de panic\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                    o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>1-10 minute<\/span><\/p>\n

                    o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>10-60 minute<\/span><\/p>\n

                    o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>1-2 ore<\/span><\/p>\n

                    o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>peste 2 ore<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. Au fost cele mai multe dintre atacuri a\u0219teptate (ap\u0103rute \u00een situa\u021bii temute) sau nea\u0219teptate (spontane)?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>nea\u0219teptate \u00een cea mai mare parte ( sau f\u0103r\u0103 atacuri de panic\u0103)<\/span><\/p>\n

                      o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>mai mult nea\u0219teptate dec\u00e2t a\u0219teptate<\/span><\/p>\n

                      o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>unele nea\u0219teptate, altele a\u0219teptate<\/span><\/p>\n

                      o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>mai degrab\u0103 a\u0219teptate dec\u00e2t nea\u0219teptate<\/span><\/p>\n

                      o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>a\u0219teptate \u00een cea mai mare parte<\/span><\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. \u00cen ultima s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, a\u021bi evitat anumite situa\u021bii, deoarece v\u0103 temea\u021bi de un atac de panic\u0103 sau de un sentiment de disconfort?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>f\u0103r\u0103 evitare (sau atacurile mele nu apar \u00een situa\u021bii specifice)<\/span><\/p>\n

                        o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>evitarea rar\u0103 a situa\u021biilor temute<\/span><\/p>\n

                        o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>evitarea ocazional\u0103 a situa\u021biilor temute<\/span><\/p>\n

                        o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>evitarea frecvent\u0103 a situa\u021biilor temute<\/span><\/p>\n

                        o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>evitarea foarte frecvent\u0103 a situa\u021biilor temute<\/span><\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. V\u0103 rug\u0103m s\u0103 verifica\u021bi situa\u021bia (situa\u021biile) pe care a\u021bi evitat-o \u200b\u200bsau \u00een care a\u021bi dezvoltat atacuri de panic\u0103 sau un sentiment de disconfort atunci c\u00e2nd nu sunte\u021bi \u00eenso\u021bi\u021bi:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>Avioane<\/span><\/p>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>Metrou (subteran)<\/span><\/p>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>Autobuze, trenuri<\/span><\/p>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>Nave<\/span><\/p>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>Teatre, cinematografe, muzee<\/span><\/p>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>Supermarketuri<\/span><\/p>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>Stat la cozi<\/span><\/p>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>Stadioane<\/span><\/p>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>Petreceri, adun\u0103ri sociale<\/span><\/p>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>Mul\u021bimi<\/span><\/p>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>Restaurante<\/span><\/p>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>Ascensoare<\/span><\/p>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>Spa\u021bii \u00eenchise<\/span><\/p>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>S\u0103li de clas\u0103, s\u0103li de curs<\/span><\/p>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>Condusul sau mersul cu ma\u0219ina<\/span><\/p>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>Camere mari, holuri<\/span><\/p>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>Mers pe strad\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>Str\u0103zi largi, cur\u021bi<\/span><\/p>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>Locuri \u00eenalte<\/span><\/p>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>Trecerea podurilor<\/span><\/p>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>C\u0103l\u0103torii departe de cas\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>St\u00e2nd singur acas\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                          o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>Altele<\/span><\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. C\u00e2t de importante au fost situa\u021biile evitate?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>neimportante (sau f\u0103r\u0103 agorafobie)<\/span><\/p>\n

                            o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>nu foarte importante<\/span><\/p>\n

                            o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>moderat de importante<\/span><\/p>\n

                            o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>foarte importante<\/span><\/p>\n

                            o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>extrem de importante<\/span><\/p>\n

                              \n
                            1. \u00cen ultima s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, a\u021bi suferit de frica de a avea un atac de panic\u0103 (anxietate anticipativ\u0103 sau \u201efric\u0103 de a v\u0103 fi fric\u0103?\u201d)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>f\u0103r\u0103 anxietate anticipativ\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                              o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>teama rar\u0103 de a avea un atac de panic\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                              o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>uneori teama de a avea un atac de panic\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                              o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>frica frecvent\u0103 de a avea un atac de panic\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                              o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>teama de a avea un atac de panic\u0103 tot timpul<\/span><\/p>\n

                                \n
                              1. C\u00e2t de puternic\u0103 a fost aceast\u0103 \u201efric\u0103 de fric\u0103?\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>f\u0103r\u0103 fric\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                                o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>u\u0219oar\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                                o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>moderat\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                                o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>marcat\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                                o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>extrem\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                1. \u00cen ultima s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, atacurile de panic\u0103 sau agorafobia au dus la o afectare a rela\u021biilor dvs. de familie (partener, copii etc.)?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                  o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>f\u0103r\u0103 afectare<\/span><\/p>\n

                                  o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>afectare u\u0219oar\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                                  o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>afectare moderat\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                                  o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>afectare marcat\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                                  o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>afectare extrem\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  1. \u00cen ultima s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, atacurile de panic\u0103 sau agorafobia au dus la o afectare a vie\u021bii dvs. sociale \u0219i a activit\u0103\u021bilor zilnice (de exemplu, nu a\u021bi putut merge la film sau la o petrecere)?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                    o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>f\u0103r\u0103 afectare<\/span><\/p>\n

                                    o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>afectare u\u0219oar\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                                    o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>afectare moderat\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                                    o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>afectare marcat\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                                    o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>afectare extrem\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    1. \u00cen ultima s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, atacurile de panic\u0103 sau agorafobia au dus la afectarea muncii sau a responsabilit\u0103\u021bilor gospod\u0103re\u0219ti?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                      o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>f\u0103r\u0103 afectare<\/span><\/p>\n

                                      o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>afectare u\u0219oar\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                                      o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>afectare moderat\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                                      o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>afectare marcat\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                                      o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>afectare extrem\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                      1. \u00cen ultima s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, v-a\u021bi \u00eengrijorat c\u0103 ve\u021bi suferi din cauza atacurilor de panic\u0103 (de exemplu, c\u0103 ve\u021bi avea un atac de cord sau le\u0219in)?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                        o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>neadevarat<\/span><\/p>\n

                                        o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>pu\u021bin adev\u0103rat<\/span><\/p>\n

                                        o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>par\u021bial adev\u0103rat<\/span><\/p>\n

                                        o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>\u00een mare parte adev\u0103rat<\/span><\/p>\n

                                        o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>cu siguranta adev\u0103rat<\/span><\/p>\n

                                        14.Crede\u021bi, uneori, c\u0103 medicul a gre\u0219it c\u00e2nd v-a spus c\u0103 simptomele dvs. (cum ar fi ritmul cardiac rapid sau dificult\u0103\u021bile de respira\u021bie) au o cauz\u0103 psihologic\u0103? Crede\u021bi c\u0103 aceste simptome au o cauz\u0103 fizic\u0103 nedescoperit\u0103?<\/span><\/p>\n

                                        o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>nu este adev\u0103rat (mai degrab\u0103 boal\u0103 psihic\u0103)<\/span><\/p>\n

                                        o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>pu\u021bin adev\u0103rat<\/span><\/p>\n

                                        o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>par\u021bial adev\u0103rat<\/span><\/p>\n

                                        o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>\u00een mare parte adev\u0103rat<\/span><\/p>\n

                                        o<\/span> \u00a0 <\/span>cu siguran\u021b\u0103 adev\u0103rat (mai degrab\u0103 boal\u0103 organic\u0103)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

                                        Diagnostic<\/b><\/h2>\n

                                        Diagnosticul se formuleaz\u0103 \u00een urma unei anamneze detaliate \u0219i pe baza criteriilor elaborate \u00een Manualul de diagnostic \u0219i statistic\u0103 a tulbur\u0103rilor mentale (DSM).<\/span><\/p>\n

                                        Aceste criterii sunt:<\/span><\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                        1. Fric\u0103 sau anxietate marcate privind dou\u0103 (sau mai multe) din urm\u0103toarele:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                          – utilizarea transportului public (automobile, autobuze, trenuri, vapoare)<\/span><\/p>\n

                                          – prezen\u021ba \u00een spa\u021bii deschise (parc\u0103ri, pie\u021be, poduri)<\/span><\/p>\n

                                          – prezen\u021ba \u00een spa\u021bii \u00eenchise (magazine, teatre, cinematografe)<\/span><\/p>\n

                                          – statul la r\u00e2nd sau \u00een mul\u021bime<\/span><\/p>\n

                                          – ie\u0219irea singur \u00een afara casei<\/span><\/p>\n

                                            \n
                                          1. Individul se teme sau evit\u0103 aceste situa\u021bii deoarece se g\u00e2nde\u0219te c\u0103 poate fi dificil s\u0103 scape sau poate lipsi ajutorul \u00een eventualitatea dezvolt\u0103rii unor simptome de panic\u0103 sau a altor simptome care determin\u0103 incapacitate sau jen\u0103 ( frica de a c\u0103dea la v\u00e2rstnici, frica de incontinen\u021b\u0103)<\/span><\/li>\n
                                          2. Situa\u021biile agorafobice provoac\u0103 aproape \u00eentotdeauna fric\u0103 sau anxietate.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                          3. Situa\u021biile agorafobice sunt evitate activ, necesit\u0103 prezen\u021ba unei companii sau sunt suportate cu fric\u0103 sau anxietate intense.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                          4. Frica sau anxietatea sunt dispropor\u021bionate fa\u021b\u0103 de pericolul actual pe care \u00eel presupune situa\u021bia agorafobic\u0103 \u0219i contextul socio-cultural.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                          5. Frica, anxietatea sau evitarea sunt persistente \u0219i \u00een mod tipic dureaz\u0103 <\/span>cel pu\u021bin 6 luni.<\/b><\/li>\n
                                          6. Frica, anxietatea sau evitarea cauzeaz\u0103 disconfort sau deficit semnificative clinic \u00een domeniile social, profesional sau \u00een alte arii importante de func\u021bionare.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                          7. Chiar dac\u0103 este prezent\u0103 o alt\u0103 afec\u021biune medical\u0103, frica, anxietatea sau evitarea sunt clar excesive.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                          8. Frica, anxietatea sau evitarea nu pot fi mai bine explicate de simptomele altei tulbur\u0103ri mintale ( fobia specific\u0103, tulburare anxioas\u0103 social\u0103, PTSD, etc.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                            Agorafobia este diagnosticat\u0103 indiferent de prezen\u021ba tulbur\u0103rii de panic\u0103. Dac\u0103 tabloul clinic al unui individ \u00eendepline\u0219te criteriile, at\u00e2t pentru tulburarea de panic\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru agorafobie, se vor men\u021biona ambele diagnostice.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

                                            Tratament agorafobie<\/b><\/h2>\n

                                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>Tratamentul agorafobiei include de obicei at\u00e2t psihoterapia, c\u00e2t \u0219i medica\u021bia. Poate dura ceva timp ( de la c\u00e2teva luni p\u00e2n\u0103 la 1 an, poate chiar mai mult), dar ajut\u0103 la \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea st\u0103rii de s\u0103n\u0103tate.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> 7.1 Psihoterapie<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

                                            Psihoterapia presupune lucrul cu un terapeut pentru a stabili obiective \u0219i a \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba abilit\u0103\u021bi practice pentru a reduce simptomele de anxietate.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                            Terapia cognitiv-comportamental\u0103 este una dintre cele mai eficiente forme de psihoterapie pentru tulbur\u0103rile de anxietate, inclusiv agorafobia. <\/span>TCC poate ajuta pacientul s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 sentimentele \u0219i punctele de vedere distorsionate din cazua agorafobiei. De asemenea, \u00eel poate \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba cum s\u0103 gestioneze situa\u021biile stresante prin \u00eenlocuirea g\u00e2ndurilor distorsionate cu g\u00e2nduri s\u0103n\u0103toase, rec\u00e2\u0219tig\u00e2nd sentimentul de control asupra propriei vie\u021bi.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                            Terapia expunerii poate ajuta pacientul s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i dep\u0103\u0219easc\u0103 temerile. \u00cen acest tip de terapie, individul este expus u\u0219or \u0219i \u00eencet situa\u021biilor sau locurilor de care se teme. Acest lucru, \u00een timp, poate diminua frica.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/i><\/b> 7.2 Medica\u021bie<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

                                            Anumite tipuri de antidepresive sunt adesea folosite pentru a trata agorafobia, fiind mai eficiente. Uneori, \u00een mod limitat, sunt folosite medicamentele anxiolitice.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                            \u00d8<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>Antidepresive. <\/b>Inhibitorii selectivi ai recapt\u0103rii serotoninei (SSRI), cum ar fi fluoxetina \u0219i sertralina, sunt utiliza\u021bi pentru tratamentul tulbur\u0103rilor de panic\u0103 cu agorafobie. Alte tipuri de antidepresive (inhibitorii selectivi ai recapt\u0103rii serotoninei \u0219i norepinefrinei, antidepresive triciclice) pot trata, de asemenea, agorafobia \u00een mod eficient.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                            \u00d8<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>Medicamente anxiolitice. <\/b>Medicamentele anxiolitice – benzodiazepinele sunt sedative pe care, \u00een circumstan\u021be limitate, medicul le poate prescrie pentru ameliorarea temporar\u0103 a simptomelor de anxietate. Benzodiazepinele sunt utilizate, \u00een general, numai pentru ameliorarea anxiet\u0103\u021bii pe termen scurt. Deoarece pot induce dependen\u021b\u0103, aceste medicamente nu sunt o alegere bun\u0103 pentru tratamentul pe termen lung.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                            Poate dura c\u00e2teva s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd medicamentele amelioreaz\u0103 simptomele \u0219i este posibil ca schema de tratament s\u0103 necesite revizuiri periodice. Este foarte important ca tratamentul s\u0103 fie administrat conform prescrip\u021biei medicale, s\u0103 nu se \u00eentrerup\u0103 brusc, iar ajustarea dozelor s\u0103 fie f\u0103cut\u0103 dup\u0103 discu\u021bia cu medicul.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/i><\/b> 7.3 Tehnici de relaxare si meditatie<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

                                            Un program atent de medita\u021bie poate reduce \u00een mod eficient simptomele de anxietate \u0219i panic\u0103 la pacien\u021bii cu tulburare de anxietate generalizat\u0103, tulburare de panic\u0103 sau tulburare de panic\u0103 cu agorafobie. <\/span>Exist\u0103 mai multe tehnici de relaxare care pot fi realizate aproape oriunde, oric\u00e2nd, pentru a ajuta la controlul stresului. Aceste tehnici includ:<\/span><\/p>\n

                                              \n
                                            • \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>Respira\u021bie ad\u00e2nc\u0103<\/span> – O tehnic\u0103 simpl\u0103 care poate relaxa mu\u0219chii \u00eencorda\u021bi \u0219i poate concentra energia. Pentru a utiliza tehnica, pur \u0219i simplu respira\u021bi profund pe nas, l\u0103s\u00e2nd stomacul s\u0103 se extind\u0103 c\u00e2t mai mult posibil. Poate fi util s\u0103 v\u0103 a\u0219eza\u021bi m\u00e2inile ferm \u0219i confortabil pe stomac \u00een timpul exerci\u021biului. Odat\u0103 ce a\u021bi inspirat c\u00e2t mai mult posibil, \u021bine\u021bi-v\u0103 respira\u021bia c\u00e2teva secunde \u0219i apoi expira\u021bi \u00eencet pe gur\u0103. Repeta\u021bi acest lucru pentru 3 sau 4 respira\u021bii, de mai multe ori pe zi.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                            • \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>Relaxare activ\u0103<\/span> – Proces care poate v\u0103 ajuta s\u0103 sim\u021bi efectiv diferen\u021ba dintre tensiune \u0219i relaxare. Se realizeaz\u0103 mai \u00eent\u00e2i \u00eencord\u00e2nd \u0219i apoi relax\u00e2nd fiecare mu\u0219chi din corp. \u00cencepe\u021bi cu mu\u0219chii de la cap \u0219i merge\u021bi \u00een jos p\u00e2n\u0103 la mu\u0219chii de la picioare. Aceasta se mai nume\u0219te relaxare progresiv\u0103 sau sistemic\u0103.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                            • \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>Exerci\u021bii de \u00eentindere<\/span> – Modalitate simpl\u0103 \u0219i u\u0219oar\u0103 pentru a reduce tensiunea din mu\u0219chi \u0219i de a combate stresul.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                                            • \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>Vizualizarea<\/span> – Un tip de medita\u021bie direc\u021bionat\u0103 care implic\u0103 utilizarea ochiului min\u021bii pentru a face ordine \u00een g\u00e2nduri sau pentru a vizualiza, de fapt,\u00a0 modul \u00een care o situa\u021bie stresant\u0103 poate fi gestionat\u0103 cu succes.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                            • \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>Relaxare pasiv\u0103<\/span> –\u00a0 <\/span>Medita\u021bia \u0219i autohipnoza<\/b> sunt tehnici de relaxare pasiv\u0103. Patru elemente sunt folosite \u00een medita\u021bie: un mediu lini\u0219tit, un punct de focalizare, o atitudine pasiv\u0103 \u0219i o pozi\u021bie confortabil\u0103. Medita\u021bia o dat\u0103 sau de dou\u0103 ori pe zi, timp de 10-20 de minute, poate duce la o ameliorare rapid\u0103 a stresul cronic \u0219i poate cre\u0219te capacitatea unei persoane de a tolera stresul.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                            • \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>Yoga<\/span> \u2013 O medita\u021bie profund\u0103 care folose\u0219te anumite posturi \u0219i respira\u021bie atent controlat\u0103 pentru a opri factorii stresori.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                              \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/i><\/b> 7.4 Stil de via\u021b\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103tos<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

                                              Modific\u0103rile stilului de via\u021b\u0103 nu vor trata neap\u0103rat agorafobia, dar pot ajuta la reducerea anxiet\u0103\u021bii de zi cu zi. Pute\u021bi \u00eencerca:<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                \n
                                              • s\u0103 face\u021bi zilnic sport sau medita\u021bie<\/span><\/li>\n
                                              • s\u0103 ave\u021bi o diet\u0103 echilibrat\u0103<\/span><\/li>\n
                                              • s\u0103 dormi\u021bi suficient<\/span><\/li>\n
                                              • s\u0103 evita\u021bi consumul de substan\u021be psihoactive<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/i><\/b> 7.5 Meloterapie<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

                                                \u00a0<\/i><\/b> Meloterapia este o abordare terapeutic\u0103 care folose\u0219te propriet\u0103\u021bile <\/span>naturale ale muzicii<\/span> de a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi dispozi\u021bia oamenilor. Poate fi un proces activ, \u00een care, pacien\u021bii joac\u0103 un rol \u00een crearea muzicii sau unul pasiv, care implic\u0103 ascultarea sau r\u0103spunsul la muzic\u0103. Unii terapeu\u021bi pot utiliza o abordare combinat\u0103 care implic\u0103 at\u00e2t interac\u021biuni active, c\u00e2t \u0219i pasive cu muzica.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                \u00a0<\/i><\/b> \u00cen sine, <\/span>meloterapia nu poate constitui un tratament adecvat pentru afec\u021biuni medicale, inclusiv <\/span>tulbur\u0103rile de s\u0103n\u0103tate mintal\u0103<\/span>. \u00cens\u0103, poate fi o component\u0103 valoroas\u0103 a unui plan de tratament atunci c\u00e2nd este combinat\u0103 cu medicamente, <\/span>psihoterapie<\/span> \u0219i alte interven\u021bii,<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/i><\/b> 7.6 Acupunctura<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

                                                \u00a0<\/span> Organiza\u021bia Mondial\u0103 a S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii nu include agorafobia \u0219i tulbur\u0103rile de anxietate printre bolile care pot fi tratate cu ajutorul acupuncturii. \u00cens\u0103, aceast\u0103 tehnic\u0103 stimuleaz\u0103 secre\u021bia de endorfine care, eliberate \u00een organism, pot induce starea de bine \u0219i pot relaxa psihicul, reduc\u00e2nd, astfel, tensiunea produs\u0103 de atacurile de panic\u0103. Acupunctura poate constitui o modalitate alternativ\u0103 pentru persoanele care sufer\u0103 de agorafobie \u0219i doresc s\u0103 \u00eencerce diferite tehnici de completare a tratamentului.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                Tehnici de auto ajutor pentru agorafobie<\/i><\/b><\/h2>\n

                                                Agorafobia poate face dificil\u0103 via\u021ba de zi cu zi. Tratamentul profesional v\u0103 poate ajuta s\u0103 dep\u0103\u0219i\u021bi aceast\u0103 tulburare sau s\u0103 o gestiona\u021bi eficient. De asemenea, ace\u0219ti pa\u0219i v\u0103 pot fi de ajutor \u00een autogestionarea tulbur\u0103rii dumneavoastr\u0103:<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                  \n
                                                • \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>Respecta\u021bi planul de tratament. <\/b>Lua\u021bi medicamente conform instruc\u021biunilor. Nu omite\u021bi program\u0103rile la terapie. Comunica\u021bi cu medicul \u0219i terapeutul dumneavoastr\u0103.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                • \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>\u00cencerca\u021bi s\u0103 nu evita\u021bi situa\u021biile de care v\u0103 este fric\u0103.<\/b><\/li>\n
                                                • \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>\u00cenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi tehnici de relaxare. <\/b>Lucr\u00e2nd cu terapeutul dvs., pute\u021bi \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba cum s\u0103 v\u0103 lini\u0219ti\u021bi \u00een cazul unui atac de panic\u0103. Practica\u021bi aceste tehnici atunci c\u00e2nd nu sunte\u021bi anxios sau \u00eengrijorat, apoi pune\u021bi-le \u00een ac\u021biune \u00een situa\u021bii stresante.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                • \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>Evita\u021bi alcoolul \u0219i drogurile <\/b>deoarece v\u0103 pot agrava simptomele de panic\u0103 sau anxietate.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                • \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>Ave\u021bi grij\u0103 de dumneavoastr\u0103.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n
                                                • \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>Documenta\u021bi-v\u0103 cu privire la afec\u021biunea dvs.<\/b><\/li>\n
                                                • \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>Cere\u021bi ajutorul familiei \u0219i prietenilor.<\/b><\/li>\n
                                                • \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>Al\u0103tura\u021bi-v\u0103 unui grup de asisten\u021b\u0103. <\/b>Grupurile de sprijin pentru persoanele cu tulbur\u0103ri de anxietate v\u0103 pot ajuta s\u0103 lua\u021bi contact cu al\u021bi oameni care se confrunt\u0103 cu provoc\u0103ri similare \u0219i s\u0103 v\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219i\u021bi experien\u021bele.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                  Via\u021ba unei persoane care sufer\u0103 de agorafobiei poate fi mult \u00eengreunat\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 cu ajutorul unui <\/span><\/i>plan de tratament bine pus la punct, se poate dep\u0103\u0219i aceast\u0103 tulburare. Pentru o evolu\u021bie favorabil\u0103 este foarte important ca pacientul s\u0103 aib\u0103 r\u0103bdare, s\u0103 urmeze sfaturile medicului \u0219i terapeutului \u0219i s\u0103 aib\u0103 suportul apropia\u021bilor.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

                                                  BIBLIOGRAFIE<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                    \n
                                                  1. \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>Manualul de diagnostic \u0219i clasificare statistic\u0103 a tulbur\u0103rilor mentale (DSM-5)<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  2. \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>Manual de buzunar de psihiatrie clinic\u0103 Kaplan&Sadock \u2013 edi\u021bia a3a<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  3. https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/mental-health\/conditions\/agoraphobia\/symptoms\/<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  4. https:\/\/www.longdom.org\/open-access\/agoraphobia-the-risk-of-untreated-panic-disorder-jop-15-460.pdf<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  5. https:\/\/www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au\/health\/conditionsandtreatments\/agoraphobia<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  6. https:\/\/psychology-tools.com\/test\/pas<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  7. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agoraphobia#Signs_and_symptoms<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  8. https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/agoraphobia\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20355987<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  9. https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/agoraphobia#causes<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  10. https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/15769-agoraphobia<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  11. https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/anxiety-panic\/agoraphobia<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  12. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/1609875\/<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  13. https:\/\/www.adavic.org.au\/PG-health-tips-relaxation-techniques-agoraphobic-group.aspx<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  14. https:\/\/www.verywellmind.com\/benefits-of-music-therapy-89829<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  15. https:\/\/ro.thpanorama.com\/blog\/psicologia\/acupuntura-para-la-ansiedad-es-eficaz.html<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                    Defini\u021bia agorafobiei \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Agorafobia ( din greac\u0103 agora=pia\u021b\u0103, phobia=fric\u0103) este o tulburare mental\u0103 \u0219i de comportament, mai exact o tulburare anxioas\u0103 \u0219i const\u0103 \u00een frica de a fi \u00een situa\u021bii sau locuri din care evadarea ar putea fi dificil\u0103 sau imposibil\u0103. Teama se declan\u0219eaz\u0103 \u00een situa\u021bii reale sau anticipate, cum ar fi utilizarea mijloacelor de transport […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1330,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nAgorafobie (Frica de spatii deschise) Tratament+Simptome \u2714\ufe0f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Suferi de agorafobie \u2753 Ti-e teama de spatiile deschise? 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